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A correlation describes a pattern. Explaining that pattern takes more work.
Two variables are correlated when their values are related. Taller children may, on average, know more words than shorter children. That pattern alone would not show that height causes vocabulary growth: age could help explain both.
Correlation can suggest a useful question or help make a prediction. A causal explanation also needs evidence about timing, alternative explanations and how one change could produce another. Start by describing the observed relationship before assigning a cause.
An ice-cream stall sells more on days when a public pool is busy. Warm weather is a plausible influence on both.
A correlation can be important evidence; its limits concern what it proves by itself.
Psychology 2e — Analyzing Findings
OpenStax contributors · OpenStax, Rice University
CC BY 4.0. Rewritten as a self-contained explanation; the example and reflection are Vakataka additions. Written and edited with AI assistance. No source images reproduced.
Source edition: 2024-10-03T13:37:36Z
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