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Why opposing pushes do not always cancel

The net force combines all forces with their directions taken into account.

A force has both magnitude and direction. The net force on an object is the vector sum of the forces acting on it. Opposite forces cancel only when their magnitudes match; forces in the same direction add.

For a constant-mass object in ordinary Newtonian mechanics, a nonzero net force changes velocity. That change may involve speed, direction or both. Zero net force means no acceleration, not necessarily no movement: an object may continue moving at constant velocity.

A small example

One person pushes a cart right with 10 newtons while another pushes left with 6 newtons. Ignoring other horizontal forces, the net force is 4 newtons to the right.

Keep in mind

The simplified cart example sets aside friction; a real force diagram must include it when relevant.

Source & attribution

Physics — Force

Fatih Gozuacik, Denise Pattison, Catherine Tabor · OpenStax, Rice University

CC BY 4.0. Rewritten as a self-contained explanation; the example and reflection are Vakataka additions. Written and edited with AI assistance. No source images reproduced.

Source edition: 2024-12-20T16:36:28Z

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